Anaemia

Anaemia is a condition in which the concentration of haemoglobin and the numbers of erythrocytes are below normal.
Causes:
·       Loss of blood by different causes.
·       Secondary to impaired production of RBC(Red Blood cell).
·       Haemlolytic eg. Drug induce or autoimmune response.
·       Nutritional anaemia like deficiency at vitamin B12 or folic acid.
Sign and Symptoms:
·       Fatigue
·       Weakness
·       Pallor of skin and mucous membrane.
·       Rapid breathing.
·       Dyspnoea
·       Enlargement of spleen.
·       Heart murmur.
·       Headache, confusion, vertigo, Irritability.
·       Pain in joint.
Diagnosis:
·       History of present or past.
·       Physical examination.
·       Laboratory test.
·       Blood
Blood count:
·       Hb%, Bleeding profiles and comment on peripheral blood smear.
·       Serum creatinine, serum iron.
·       Stool occult blood.
Health Education:
·      Immunization to the baby according to national schedule.
·      Balanced diet containing iron and vitamin ‘B’.
·      Proper treatment of disease on time.
·      Exclusive breast feeding upto 6 months and supplementary food after 6 months.
·      Proper treatment of helmenthesis.
·      Avoid chemical and radiation as for as possible.


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