Malnutrition Management
The diets of infants and young children may be deficiency in nutrition
i.e. protein, fat, carbohydrate, essentials vitamins or minerals is
charaterised by term malnutrition. The deficiency may be of a single food
element or of several element.
Causes of Nutrition:
·
Inadequate
and inappropriate food intake.
·
Lack of
knowledge related to proper nutrition eg. Earlier or delayed weaning of food,
early stoppage of breast feeding and starting of bottle feeding.
·
Low body
weight.
·
Un immunized
child.
·
Female
child,partiality and priorities for their male siblings.
·
Recurrent diarrhea,
fever,cough.
·
Medical
problems eg measles,worms,lung disease ,renal failure.
·
Working
mother.
·
Papulation
growth.
·
Feeding
habits-lack of exclusive breast feeding for 1st 6 month.
Types of malnutrition:
a. Marasmus-deficiency
of energy.
b.Kwashiorker-
deficiency of protein.
c.Marasmickwashiorker-deficiency
of protein and energy food.
Management and prevention of Malnutrition:
1. Dietary
therapy: Food is only the element for the case of malnutrition.
These food
includes cereals, dal, milk,egg, green vegetables, Fruits etc, NG tube feeding
is necessary for short period until
he/she starts taking food orally and in severe cases, even parenteral
nutrition may be required.
2. Diet should be cheap, acceptable, digestable to
meet the nutritional
requirement of the age group for eg. Sarbottam
pitho.
3. For oedematous body(K and MK) salt free with high
protein diet.
4. Give two hourly breast feeds (100ml/kg/day) and
encourage for
continuous breast feeding.
Management of complication:
1. Hypothermia:
keeping the child worm and maintaining personal
hygiene.
2. Hypoglycemia:
parental glucose.
3. sereve
dehydration: Rehydration therapy should be given.
4. Antihelminthic
drugs are given for worm infestation, antibiotics for
the existing infection, iron for anaemia and
zinc, copper and vitamin
“A” as per the requirement.
Preventive Management of PEM:
1.Growth
Monitoring.
2.Oral
rehydration therapy.
3.Breast
feeding and birth spacing.
4.Immunization.
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