Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is air borne disease generally transfer through
breathing process. It is divided into two types:
1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis [PTB]: 80% of
total tuberculosis diseases seen.
2. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis [EPTB]:
20% of total tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis generally affects lungs but other parts like
bone, gland, skin, intestine etc. But one exception is that it not effect on nails.
In 1982. Dr. Robert Koch found disease
tuberculosis which generally named Koch’s disease generally air pollution &
other like poor, drug addiction AIDS Were chance to promote tuberculosis. This disease
generally seen in man in comparison of women. According public health survey of
Nepal each & every 3 hour duration & 2 people died due to this disease. According to
2016 survey, 1.3 & million people were died due to tuberculosis.
Causative agent:-
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is causative element tuberculosis
& malnutrition, Alcohol polluted environment, etc. Are also helps to
transfer.
Incubation period:-
Its
Generally, infected period of 3 - 6 week.
Mode of transmission:-
Ø Water droplets.
Ø Infected dust particles.
Ø Directed contact – such as face to
face talking.
Ø Infected utensils & clothes.
Sign and symptoms:-
Ø Headache,
Ø Sweating,
Ø Weight Loss,
Ø Loss of Appetite,
Ø Cough more than 3 weeks,
Ø [Hemoptysis],
Ø Chest pain,
Prevention and Control:
Ø Early diagnosis – if you any doubt of
tuberculosis or seen sing & symptoms of its then first gone for the medical
checkup,
Ø
BCG
Vaccination in between birth -1 year,
Ø
Surveillance,
Ø
Isolation,
Ø
Aware
about environment sanitation & personal cleanliness,
Ø
DOTS
method use – Direct Observed Treatment Short Course,
Ø Health Education,
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